Lubrication technology has advanced significantly with the advent of synthetic oils. But what exactly are the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of synthetic oils compared to traditional mineral oils? Let’s explore.
Where Does Lubricating Oil Come From?
Mineral oils have been the go-to lubricants since the beginning of industrialization. These oils are derived from refining crude oil that has been naturally formed deep within the Earth’s layers. Depending on their composition, mineral oils can be classified into Group I or Group II oils.
In contrast, synthetic oils are carefully engineered by scientists through a process called polymerization, in which small molecules are chemically bonded to form long, uniform chains. This results in a man-made liquid that can be considered a type of “plastic.”
Mineral vs. Synthetic Oils: Key Differences
The fundamental difference between mineral and synthetic oil lies in their origins. Mineral oils are derived from crude oil, which has an inconsistent composition containing various compounds like saturates, sulphur, and aromatic hydrocarbons. As a result, mineral oils have a broader spectrum of molecular compounds.
Synthetic oils, on the other hand, are engineered in a lab environment with greater precision. This process allows for control over the size and composition of each molecule, making them highly optimized for specific applications.
The Advantages of Synthetic Oils
Synthetic oils have numerous benefits that make them stand out. Keep in mind, there are many types of synthetic oils available on the market, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. However, the following advantages are common to most synthetic oils:
- Resistance to Degradation
Mineral oils contain more aromatics and unsaturated compounds, making them more vulnerable to chemical reactions when exposed to oxygen or water. These reactions can lead to premature equipment failure. The low reactivity of synthetic oils results in better stability, lower volatility, and enhanced resistance to oxidative degradation.
Mineral oil varnish deposits captured on a patch at 100X
- Enhanced Thermal Stability
Mineral oils tend to struggle at both low and high temperatures. They may not provide adequate lubrication in cold conditions due to low fluidity, and at high temperatures, they degrade. Synthetic oils, however, exhibit exceptional thermal stability and can maintain their properties over a broader temperature range, offering superior viscosity stability and better protection against temperature extremes.
- Increased Efficiency
Imagine trying to lubricate two metal surfaces by placing different-sized balls between them. The larger balls cause uneven movement, while smaller, uniform balls lead to a smoother, more efficient interaction. Similarly, synthetic oils are engineered with uniform molecules, resulting in more consistent lubrication. This ensures less friction and greater efficiency in machinery performance.
Are Synthetic Oils the Right Choice for You?
While synthetic oils offer significant advantages, they might not be the best choice in all situations. The decision to switch to synthetic oils depends on various factors, including cost, equipment type, and specific operational conditions.
Interested in learning more about synthetic oils and how they can benefit your machinery? Contact us today for expert advice and tailored recommendations!